Inversion of Glacier 3D Displacement from Sentinel-1 and Landsat 8 Images Based on Variance Component Estimation: A Case Study in Shishapangma Peak, Tibet, China

Offset tracking technology is widely studied to evaluate glacier surface displacements. However, few studies have used a cross-platform this end. In study, two heterogeneous data sources, Sentinel-1 and Landsat 8, from January 2019 2021, were estimate the offset, then optimal estimation of 3D deformation rate Himalayan was obtained based on joint model variance component estimation. The results show that maximum rates in east–west direction, north–south vertical direction are 85, 126, 88 mm/day, respectively. compared analyzed with simultaneous optical image pixel offset tracking. showed accuracy solution increased by 41% 36% south–north direction. regional flow velocity moraine after consistent vector boundary cataloging data. time-series displacement calculated using more images. These indicate feasible for calculating temporal velocity. can improve time resolution monitoring obtain further information characteristics. Our affected local terrain slope temperature. there no absolute positive correlation between slope. This study provides reference acquisition large-scale three-dimensional glaciers multi-source remote sensing support identification early warning disasters.